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School of Hard Knocks: Fed Education Data Shows Racial Disparities, Unequal Opportunity

Department of Education releases wide range of data on schools. ProPublica will clean, cross-check, and incorporate into our interactive schools app.

 

Schools serving the most black and Hispanic students are less likely to offer rigorous subjects such as calculus and physics and more likely to employ teachers with only a year or two of experience. Those findings come from a new data analysis by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights.

Later today, the department will be releasing the survey data underlying this analysis — the 2009-2010 Civil Rights Data Collection, which contains a wide range of school-level statistics covering course offerings, teacher salaries and absenteeism, student discipline and student outcomes.

Among the findings highlighted by the Education Department:

  • Black students were more than three times as likely to be suspended or expelled relative to their white counterparts. Racial disparities in discipline, of course, have been reported before, but according to the department’s analysis, this trend held true across all districts in the sample.
  • White and Asian students were disproportionately overrepresented in gifted and talented programs -- comprising nearly three-quarters of enrollment in such programs -- while black and Hispanic students were disproportionately underrepresented.
  • Students with disabilities comprised only 12 percent of students in the sample, but were an overwhelming majority of students subjected to physical restraint.

This data release from the department builds on the same dataset we used for ProPublica’s Opportunity Gap project last year, which highlighted the link between poverty and unequal access to high-level courses across the nation.

The newest data has not yet been independently verified, so in the coming weeks, we’ll be cleaning, cross-checking, and incorporating it into our interactive schools app. Meantime, you can check out how we did it the last time around and play around with the app, which we aim to have updated soon.

Without ranting about the nature of schooling in today’s culture (for example, for the vast majority of students, teaching math or grammar for its own sake, as opposed to teaching it as an end to solving more immediate problems, is more difficult and wasteful), the core problem I see is that we tend to equate intelligence with discipline and blame the student entirely for his lack of interest.

(Yes, I realize that we all need to buckle down and deal with things we don’t care about, but keep in mind that it often results in physical illness.  At such an impressionable age, question what enforcing that obsessive “work ethic”—especially the franticness of high school, where you must focus completely, but only forty minutes at a time before the bell rings—might do to a child.)

As a kid, I was in all the “honors” programs, but without wasting time on details, I spent a lot of time with the kids in “remedial” classes.  By real-world standards, a lot of them were brilliant and all were independent learners, and were failing because they didn’t care about grades because they didn’t have much respect for their teachers.

As a result, and comparing notes with people younger than I, I’d be very curious to compare the numbers on minority kids pushed down to remedial classes with the white and Asian kids treated for ADHD or ODD.  Is it possible that white “problem children” are simply suppressed through drugs rather than being actively disciplined?

(Also see Sugata Mitra’s “Hole-in-the-Wall” experiments, one of which asked young children from slums to learn a college-level topic like genetics, with no adult structure at all.  It’s entirely possible we’re worrying about offering the wrong sorts of opportunities entirely.)

D.L. Chandler

March 8, 2012, 4:34 p.m.

I’m interested in one key point: why aren’t commentators raising the possible link between father or parent absence and these children? 24 million children live in homes without an absent biological father and 2 out of those 3 children are African-American. 1 out of 3 Hispanic children also suffer this fate. Do you think there may be a possible link? I blogged about it here, and if you have time, please check it out (and comment!): http://thefatherfactor.blogspot.com/2012/03/father-absence-and-school-discipline.html

Take care,

D.L. Chandler

Gary B. Sanford

March 12, 2012, 9:54 a.m.

I suppose it is a matter of inequality: A disproportionate number of African American and Hispanic students are not being taught the values at home that keep them from getting suspended and/or enable them to excel in school which later translates to getting a good job and keeping that job which translates to poverty/crime and passing the same traits along to their children and around and around it goes. Those who break the cycle are those who refuse to be victims.

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